العربية 
Interviews and Focus Groups:
Recording Devices: For capturing audio or video of interviews and focus group discussions.
Transcription Software: Tools like Otter.ai, NVivo Transcription, or Express Scribe to convert audio recordings into text.
NVivo: A qualitative data analysis software for coding, analyzing, and visualizing data.
Atlas.ti: Another powerful tool for qualitative data analysis, allowing for coding, visualization, and data management.
Observation:
Field Notes: Using notebooks or digital devices for recording observations.
Video Cameras: To capture visual data during observations.
Ethnographic Software: Tools like Dedoose, which integrate qualitative and quantitative data analysis.
Document Analysis:
PDF Annotators: Tools like Adobe Acrobat or Foxit Reader for annotating and analyzing documents.
Coding Software: Tools like MAXQDA for organizing and coding textual data.